Maintainability is a characteristic of product quality, and good maintainability is the basis and premise of rapid and economical of civil aircraft. In the process of civil aircraft development, the correct and complete capture of the maintainability demand is the core of maintainability design. Scenario analysis is a common requirement capture technology. By the means of scenario analysis for civil aircraft maintainability requirements elicitation, this paper takes into full consideration the whole life cycle of civil aircraft, and builds a complete maintenance scenario level system. At the same time, the five concepts of “human”, “machine”, “material”, “method” and “environment” in quality management were cited, and combined with the actual maintenance activities, five basic maintenance dimensions were formed. A maintenance scenario analysis process was established to capture the maintainability requirements of the aircraft through a series of maintenance operations of maintenance personnel under different maintenance scenarios and the interaction with each maintenance dimension. At the end, combined with the above methods and processes, taking a certain civil aircraft as an example, the maintenance scenario framework system and the scenario-based maintenance requirement capture process were systematically described.