This article reviews recent studies of scholars in the field of thermal properties of composites at home and abroad, sorts out the similarities and differences of these studies, points out the vacancies and deficiencies in the research area, especially in the airworthiness level. Taking the composite material fuselage wall plate and thermal acoustic insulation blanket derived configuration as the research object, the smoke performance of composite materials, thermal acoustic insulation blanket and their derived configuration were systematically tested according to the CCAR-25-R4 and GB/T10671-2008 airworthiness standard. The effect of the performance was compared and analysed, and the applicability of existing airworthiness provisions and compliance verification methods were discussed. The results show that the composite airframe wall plate and thermal acoustic insulation blanket derived configuration can meet the compliance criteria proposed by the current airworthiness verification method, and the thermal acoustic insulation blankets effectively reduce the smoke specific optical density and smoke release velocity.