Lightweight aircraft can effectively reduce the waste of resources, and improve the economic efficiency and performance. At present, using the composite materials to replace traditional metal materials is the most important method to reduce the weight of aircraft. For some advanced aircraft models, the composite materials were used more than 50%. Polymer materials possess the advantages such as good processability, favorable corrosion resistance and lower weight than metal, when polymer composite materials used in aviation field can effectively reduce the weight of the aircraft. Graphene is one of the strongest material in the world, which possess good toughness and excellent electrical conductivity. when graphene is added to polymer matrix, it can effectively improve its mechanical and electrical property. Thus, graphenepolymer composite materials was regarded as an ideal substitute to replace the traditional metal materials in aircraft, which have great research value in aircraft materials field. Thus, the preparation method, molding technology and the applications in aviation of the graphenepolymer composites were introduced in this paper.