As the key facility of the airport, runway is the area of aircraft landing and decelerating taxiing. The position of the aircraft relative to the runway can be calculated by visual positioning method, which can be used as an idea to assist the rapid and smooth landing of the aircraft. The cost of vision sensor is low, and the requirement of installation environment is not high. This paper aims to design an auxiliary landing system for aircraft positioning only by visual sensor, and calculate the position of the aircraft relative to the runway by using two models of target detection and vision positioning. Firstly, an equal scale miniature airport runway model was built. The visual sensor generated motion to simulate the flight path of the aircraft. The target detection model identified the runway area through the image obtained by the airborne visual sensor. Then, the visual positioning model extracted the runway area feature points in the image and calculated the position of the aircraft relative to the runway. This paper expounds the implementation principles and difficulties of target detection and visual positioning, tries to combine target detection and visual positioning to realize the positioning of aircraft landing, and describes the overall idea of auxiliary landing system design.