In the process of emergency landing, first of all, passengers should have enough escape space in the cabin area after the collision. Secondly, based on the structural strength and duration of impact, the acceleration and impact load transmitted to passengers must be reduced below the human injury tolerance. The finite element modeling of the airframe structure was carried out in this paper, and its falling from a height of 4.27 m and generating a vertical shock velocity of 9.14 m/s was simulated. ABAQUS/Explicit calculation was used to complete the entire analysis process. The overall deformation of the fuselage after collision was studied, such as the acceleration, time history of the selected position of the fuselage and the energy absorption process of key structural components. Finally, it was determined that the fuselage frame played the most important role in the energy absorption during impact, followed by skin and passenger floor beam. On the right side of the fuselage structure(the direction in this paper is from the pilot’s perspective, opposite to the left and right directions seen by readers), there were cargo door and cargo door frame. Due to the asymmetry of the fuselage structure, the speed and acceleration on the left and right sides were inconsistent.