In order to do a good job in the fire prevention design and fire repair of aircraft structure，the principles and requirements of fire protection design of aircraft structure were given. The materials that are not easy to ignite or fireproof were selected, and the oilgas mixture was avoided in general layout, and the detection system was reasonably arranged.In case of aircraft fire, the principle and requirements of fire repair were provided, the fire repair method and the process were proposed. After the fire, it is necessary to analyze and define the ignition point, fire area and fire cause of the aircraft，check the scope and extent of the fire area, determine the repair plan, carry out repair work as soon as possible, reduce the accident level, meet the requirements of aircraft structural integrity and functional use，ensure flight safety.