The hydraulic pipeline system of civil aircraft is affected by the vibration environment of the aircraft, which may lead to fatigue damage of pipelines and installation structures caused by vibration. In order to analyze the bearing capacity of hydraulic pipeline system under the vibration environment, the vibration modes and random vibration responses of hydraulic pipelines for a civil aircraft are analyzed by making reference to the definition and requirements of fixed wing aircraft in RTCA/DO-160G. Von Mises stresses of hydraulic pipeline and installation structures under random vibration are obtained through finite element analysis. Based on Gaussian distribution and Miner's linear cumulative damage law, the random vibration fatigue damage of pipeline system is calculated using three interval method to get the weak location of hydraulic pipeline system under random vibration loads. The results show that the paper can provide reference to the fatigue analysis of civil aircraft hydraulic pipeline under random vibration environment.